from wiki: The IITC was formed at a gathering on the land of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, in South Dakota, June 8–16, 1974. This gathering would later be known as the First International Indian Treaty Conference. This gathering, and the IITC which resulted from it, was called for by the American Indian Movement, and was attended by delegates from 97 Indian tribes and Nations from across North and South America.

"Act 57, Sec. 30 of the 1896 Laws of the Republic of Hawaiʻi mandated that English become the only medium of instruction throughout Hawaiʻi and prohibited the use of the Hawaiian language in schools" (Office of Hawaiian Affairs). Despite this attempt at cultural genocide, resistance held strong for 90 years. Native Hawaiian's insisted the state constitution be amended in 1978 to add ʻōlelo Hawai'i as an official language. Due to pressure, the linguicidal law was repealed in 1986. Today there are 25 Hawaiian language immersion schools throughout the islands that serve 2,000 K-12 students, not including K-12 public and private schools teaching Hawaiian language as an elective. 18,000 people say they speak Hawaiian as well as English at home.

Leader of the Chiricahua band of Apaches, Cochise initially kept peace with the Americans after the end of the Mexican-American war (having long fought Mexico). After the Bascom Affair of 1861 in which Lt. Isaiah Moore hanged Cochise's brother and nephews, he declared war on American settlers and thus began a ten year anti-colonial campaign. His long campaign against American settlers included fighting against Confederate soldiers as part of the Arizona Guard during the American Civil War, as well as many other successful campaigns. Cochise was never defeated in a battle, and led his raids and guerilla warfare from the Dragoon Mountains until his surrender in 1872. He lived on the Chiricahua Reservation (which only lasted 4 years) until his death of natural causes and was buried in his favorite place in the Dragoon Mountains. Other Apache leaders took up the fight after Cochise's surrender including Goyaałé (Geronimo).

A Kiowa warrior and member of the Kiowa military society Koitsenko, Sét:àñ:gyà led many raids against settlements, wagon trains, and army outposts during the mid 1800's. He fought with Kiowa's and Comanche's in the First Battle of Adobe Walls which dramatically repelled Kit Carson. Later he was a signatory of the Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867 which confined the Kiowa to the southwestern corner of Oklahoma. Discontented, especially after the death of his son, he continued to raid and was implicated in a raid on the Warren Wagon train in May 1871. US Army General William Sherman, order his arrest along with Set:t’aiñde (Satanta) and Á:dàuiétd̶è (Big Tree). Sherman insisted they be taken to Texas and tried for murder in criminal court instead of a military tribunal. This marked the first time the United States had tried Native American chiefs in a state court. This in itself was an attack on Indigenous sovereignty, as Sherman was trying to send a message that acts by a war party would be regarded as common crimes rather than legitimate resistance by representatives of a sovereign state. While in transit to the court, Sét:àñ:gyà pulled his red war blanket over his head to hide himself gnawing at his own wrists to escape his chains. After singing his Koitsenko death song and escaping his chains, he attacked his captors with a knife he had hidden, wrestled a rifle away from one of them but was killed before he could fire.

After a particularly harsh winter sometimes refered to as The Starving Times, the colonists at Jamestown completely abandoned the fort and left with Sir Thomas Gates who had arrived to resupply the colony. While the Paspahegh and other Powhatan peoples had helped them survive their first two winters, relations were very strained with colonists trying 'buy' corn at gunpoint. By the winter of 1609-10 they had resorted to cannibalism. After abandoning the colony, they encountered another English supply ship downstream the very next day led by Lord De La Warr (Delaware), who forced them to return. Lord De La Warr greatly increased hostilities with the local Indigenous peoples and caused the ultimate demise of the Paspahegh peoples.