Udham Singh was born on this day in 1899. He was raised in an orphanage and travelled the world as a ships carpenter. He was an Indian revolutionary belonging to Ghadar Party and HSRA, best known for assassinating Michael O'Dwyer, the former lieutenant governor of the Punjab in British India, on 13 March 1940. The assassination was done in revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar in 1919, for which O'Dwyer was responsible and of which Singh himself was a survivor. The colonial authorities’ official death toll was 379, with over 1,200 wounded, although Indian estimates of the dead and injured were far higher. The massacre became ‘a byword for colonial violence’ and spurred on the movement for Indian independence. Udham also used the name Ram Mohammad Singh Azad, which represents the three major religions in India (Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh) and the final word Azad means "Free" to reference his anti-colonial sentiment. He believed in global worker solidarity and a religiously plural independent India. This assassination and Madan Lal Dhingra's assassination of Sir William Curzon Wyllie, Aide de Camp to the Secretary of State for India, represent the only two political assassinations on the British mainland in the first half of the twentieth century. Singh made an impassioned speech to the court which a judge directed not to be released to the public. Following a long campaign by political activists, it was finally published in 1996. His final words were "Down with British Imperialism! Down with British dirty dogs!"

In the aftermath of the Dakota War of 1862, the US Military held trials for ~400 Dakota people involved in the war. Some trials lasted less than five minutes, the Dakota were given no defense representation, and the proceedings were not explained to them. The military commission called for 303 men to be sentenced to death. After review, president Abraham Lincoln ordered the hanging of 38 Dakota men which remains the largest single-day mass execution in American history. The grave was reopened the same night and all the bodies stolen and distributed to doctors- including the remains of Marpiya te najin, to William Mayo of the Mayo Clinic. The bodies were kept and not returned by Mayo Clinic until forced by NAGPRA in 1998. Additionally, two more men (Ṡaḳpedaƞ and Wakanozanzan) who escaped to the Red River Colony were drugged and brought back and hanged.